Tag: florida dui

1st Time DUI, 2nd Time DUI Or More

Florida DUI Arrest: Understanding Miranda Warnings and Implied Consent

W. F. "Casey" Ebsary Jr

The Initial Encounter: “Clues of Impairment” and the Arrest

If you find yourself in the unfortunate situation of being pulled over by a police officer in Florida on suspicion of driving under the influence (DUI), it’s essential to understand what comes next after the initial arrest. Florida takes DUI offenses seriously, and being informed about the legal process can be crucial. This article will guide you through the crucial steps in the process, focusing on Miranda Warnings and Implied Consent.

Understanding Miranda Warnings and Implied Consent in Florida DUI cases. Learn about your rights, consequences of refusing a chemical test, and the importance of legal counsel.
Understanding Miranda Warnings and Implied Consent in Florida DUI cases. Learn about your rights, consequences of refusing a chemical test, and the importance of legal counsel.

“Clues of Impairment” and the Arrest

Your encounter with law enforcement typically begins with a traffic stop. The police officer will look for various signs, often referred to as “clues of impairment,” to establish probable cause for a DUI arrest. These clues can include erratic driving, slurred speech, the odor of alcohol, or an admission of alcohol consumption.

If the officer observes enough of these clues to justify an arrest, you will be taken into custody and informed of your rights. At this point, it is crucial to remember that you have the right to remain silent.

The Importance of Miranda Warnings

After your arrest, the police officer will provide you with Miranda Warnings, which inform you of your constitutional rights. These warnings are based on the landmark Supreme Court case of Miranda v. Arizona and are designed to protect your Fifth Amendment rights against self-incrimination. You may have heard them in TV shows or movies, but in a DUI arrest context, they take on specific significance.

The Miranda Warnings typically include the following rights:

  1. The right to remain silent: You are not obligated to answer any questions that may incriminate you.
  2. The right to an attorney: You have the right to an attorney, and if you cannot afford one, one will be provided for you.
  3. Anything you say can and will be used against you in court.

Understanding and exercising these rights is crucial. While it may be tempting to explain or justify your actions to the arresting officer, it’s often in your best interest to remain silent until you have consulted with an attorney. Anything you say can be used as evidence against you, so it’s essential to tread carefully.

Implied Consent in Florida

In addition to your Miranda Warnings, Florida has a specific law known as “Implied Consent.” Implied Consent means that when you obtained your driver’s license in Florida, you implicitly agreed to submit to a chemical test if you are lawfully arrested for DUI. This test can be for alcohol, drugs, or both.

The Consequences of Refusing a Chemical Test

If you refuse to take a chemical test after being arrested for DUI in Florida, you will face immediate consequences. One of the most significant penalties is the suspension of your driver’s license. The length of the suspension can vary depending on whether you have previous DUI convictions:

  • First refusal: A first refusal will result in a one-year driver’s license suspension.
  • Second or subsequent refusals: If you have previously refused a chemical test, the suspension period increases to 18 months.

It’s important to note that refusing a chemical test does not mean you avoid criminal charges. The prosecution can still use other evidence, such as the arresting officer’s observations, to build a case against you.

The Consequences of Taking a Chemical Test

On the other hand, if you decide to take a chemical test and your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) registers at 0.08 or higher, your driver’s license will also be suspended. The duration of the suspension can vary depending on your previous DUI history:

  • First-time offenders: A first-time DUI offense with a BAC of 0.08 or higher results in a six-month license suspension.
  • Second or subsequent offenses: If you have previous DUI convictions, your license suspension will be for one year or longer, depending on the number of prior convictions.

It’s crucial to understand that a license suspension is a civil administrative penalty and is separate from any criminal charges you may face for DUI. This means you could potentially have your license suspended even if you are not convicted of DUI in criminal court.

Seeking Legal Counsel

Given the potential consequences of both refusing and taking a chemical test, it’s highly advisable to seek legal counsel promptly after a DUI arrest. An experienced DUI attorney can help you navigate the legal process, assess the evidence against you, and work towards the best possible outcome for your case.

In conclusion, if you are arrested for DUI in Florida, understanding your rights under Miranda Warnings and the concept of Implied Consent is essential. Remember that you have the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney. Make informed decisions regarding chemical tests, as the consequences can vary depending on your choices and prior DUI history. Seeking legal counsel is a wise move to protect your rights and potentially mitigate the consequences of a DUI arrest.

Breath Test Over 08, DUI On Drugs

Can you get a DUI in a Tesla or self-driving car (Video)?

W F Casey Ebsary Jr
DUI In Tesla’s Self-Driving Car?DUI in a Tesla – What happens when an officer pulls over a self-driving car? Can the officer charge anyone with a DUI in a self-driving Tesla? Some Scholars have written about this and I thought we might review this issue. Tesla automobiles have an autopilot feature. It is not truly self-driving as Tesla has referred to it as semi-autonomous driving. Other car companies have also tried developing autopilot technology.

What happens when an officer pulls over a self-driving car?

Understanding DUI Charges and Self-Driving Teslas

Read on to learn about the legal implications of being pulled over in a self-driving Tesla.

Can an Officer Charge Anyone with a DUI in a Self-Driving Tesla?

Self-driving technology has been gaining momentum in recent years, with companies like Tesla at the forefront of this emerging industry. However, this technology has raised questions about how law enforcement officers will handle DUI charges when it comes to self-driving cars. In the case of a self-driving Tesla, the driver is not technically in control of the vehicle, which complicates matters for law enforcement officials.

Scholars’ Perspectives on the Issue

Legal scholars have written extensively on this topic, and there is no clear consensus on how the law should treat self-driving vehicles. Some argue that the driver is still responsible for any DUI charges that may arise, as they are ultimately in control of the vehicle, even if they are not physically driving it. Others believe that the responsibility should fall on the car’s manufacturer, as they are the ones who designed and produced the vehicle’s self-driving technology.

Navigating the Future of Transportation

As the technology behind self-driving cars continues to develop, it is likely that we will see more legal and regulatory changes in how they are treated under the law. In the meantime, it is important for both law enforcement officials and the general public to educate themselves on the current state of the law and how it may apply in cases involving self-driving vehicles.

Stay informed about the latest developments in self-driving technology and the law by following reputable sources and consulting with legal professionals as needed.

Here are a few sources to support the information presented:

These sources provide in-depth analysis of the legal and regulatory issues surrounding self-driving cars, including the potential implications for DUI charges.

California Highway Patrol Charges Driver With DUI in a Tesla.

In January 2018, in San Francisco, a person in a Tesla car had an alcohol level twice the legal limit. The Tesla’s operator received a DUI. Tesla has instructed drivers using autopilot to maintain consciousness while driving. Also, Tesla tells drivers using autopilot to keep their hands on the steering wheel. In this arrest, the driver explained that the Tesla was on autopilot to the California Highway Patrol. Even with the driver’s explanation, the officer arrested and charged the driver with DUI. The California Highway Patrol tweeted that the car did not drive itself to the tow yard.

Will Florida Officers Charge Drivers With DUI in a Tesla?

Florida law prohibits an intoxicated driver from being in actual physical control of a vehicle. The car does not need to be moving at the time of a DUI arrest. Florida only requires that the vehicle is capable of being moved. The case law discusses the location of the keys and whether or not the car is operable. Under this broad definition of driving that includes the capacity of physical control of the car, it is highly unlikely the operator of a self-driving car would beat a DUI on that defense. It is probable that the court would find the driver was in actual physical control of the vehicle. Hence, some cars equipped with these automatic driving features have contracts that require the user to keep hands on the steering wheel even when the vehicle is in autopilot mode.

 

1st Time DUI, Breath Test Over 08

Reducing Impaired Driving Recidivism – Established DUI Diversion

W F Casey Ebsary Jr

DUI Diversion Program

Established DUI Diversion Programs
Established DUI Diversion Programs in 8th, 9th, 11th, 13th Circuit Courts

The Office of the State Attorney, 13th Judicial Circuit just developed their own DUI Diversion Program. Therefore, we will look at some of Florida’s already established DUI diversion programs. The 8th, 9th, 11th & 15th Circuit Courts all use DUI Diversion for a driver’s first DUI charge. Furthermore, each Circuit Court has different admission rules and distinct program requirements. Update: This Hillsborough County program started March 1, 2018. You can read about what the state’s attorney is looking for, what you might need to know, who is eligible and why you might want to be a part of this program.

Admission Requirements Are Confusing

First of all, some of the confusion of this process is shown below. Since each county has developed their program independently, the demands on the DUI driver differ. Therefore for help, call (813) 222-2220. In Orange and Osceola Counties, only legal U.S. residents can join the DUI Diversion Program. As a result, a tourist, a foreign national or someone on an F1 student visa charged with a DUI could never enter the DUI Diversion program in the Ninth Circuit Court. In Miami-Dade County, there is no upper limit on your breath alcohol concentration (BAC) to make you ineligible. But that same county requires that you sign a statement of guilt before entering. Three of the Circuit Courts (8th, 11th, and 15th) will refuse your admission if a child or animal was with you in the vehicle at the time of the charge. Another difference is that only the 8th Circuit Court will use drunken aggression as a reason to deny your access to the program.

 

Admission Qualifications of Established DUI Diversion Programs in Florida By County

DUI On Drugs, Expert Attorney WF Casey Ebsary Jr

Florida Drug Recognition Experts DRE Video

W F Casey Ebsary Jr
DRE Florida Drug Recognition Experts
Florida Drug Recognition Experts DRE

“Drug Recognition Experts (DRE) in Florida and throughout the nation have raised concerns among both jurors and judges. This is because law enforcement and prosecutors aim to influence the independent judgment of these legal authorities in determining the potential impairment of criminal suspects.

We’ve acquired training manuals and carefully scrutinized the evidence supporting these so-called “experts.” Upon examination, it becomes apparent that these witnesses may not meet the rigorous requirements for the admissibility of “scientific” evidence, especially outside of law enforcement circles. Consequently, it is prudent to consider removing such witnesses from the list of prosecution witnesses.

Florida Drug Recognition Experts DRE

In just five minutes, you can gain insights into various aspects of DRE:

The History and Origin of the DRE.
The Comprehensive Training Regimen for Drug Recognition Experts (DRE).
The Entities Responsible for Conducting DRE Training.
The Unique Skillset Acquired by Drug Recognition Experts (DRE) that may not be readily available to judges and jurors.
Whether DRE “evidence” aligns with the standards for admissibility set forth by Florida law and the Daubert standard.”

Using Drug Recognition Experts (DRE), in Florida DUI cases and across the nation, law enforcement and prosecutors are trying to circumvent the ability of jurors and Judges to reach their own conclusions as to the impairment, if any, of criminal suspects.

We have obtained training manuals and reviewed the evidence used to support these “experts” and you may also conclude the ability of these witnesses to meet the stringent requirements for admissibility of “scientific” evidence is far from generally accepted within any communities other than law enforcement. Such witnesses should be stricken from Prosecutors’ witness lists. In five minutes you will know: What is the History and Origin of the DRE? What is done during Drug Recognition Experts (DRE) training? Who does the DRE training? What special skills are Drug Recognition Experts (DRE) taught that judges and jurors don’t already have? Does DRE “evidence” meet the standard for admissibility under Florida law and the Daubert standard?

What is the History and Origin of the Drug Recognition Expert (DRE}?

The Los Angeles Police Department developed this area of alleged expertise in the 1970’s. The federal law enforcement agency, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) soon jumped on the bandwagon. Strikingly, the “certification” is now issued by the cop’s own International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) and not by a generally recognized educational or scientific institution.
Florida Drug Recognition DRE Experts
7 Days to a Better You (DRE)

What is done during DRE training?

A Seven (7) day school is supposed to cover a 706-page manual. The curriculum begins by citing the Frye standard for admissibility, a standard that was abandoned in Florida in 2013 (see discussion below: Does DRE “evidence” meet the standard for admissibility under Florida law and the Daubert standard ? ).
During the 7 day romp, cops are allegedly trained in the following areas: Eye examinations; Physiology; Vital signs; the Central Nervous System; Depressants; Stimulants; Physician’s Desk Reference; Dissociative Anesthetics; Narcotic Analgesics. That is only half of the allegedly scientific in-depth training.
Let’s visit the second half of this highly accelerated educational program:  Inhalants, Vital Signs, Cannabis; Signs and Symptoms; Drug combinations; Writing a resume (Curriculum Vitae); and wrap it up with a list of questions defense attorneys will ask when the newly minted expert tries to spew this garbage in court.
Seven days to a better you – In short, street cops become quasi-medical professionals in only one week.

Who does the Drug Recognition Experts (DRE) training?

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP).

What special skills are Drug Recognition Experts (DRE) taught that judges and jurors don’t already have?

None. Generally, witnesses are not allowed to opine on the guilt or innocence of the accused. When police try to use these “experts” they are attempting to tell the jury how to rule and why. Since the alleged expert issues a highly prejudicial opinion on an ultimate issue in the case, courts must allow only legally admissible evidence to reach jurors.

Does Drug Recognition Experts (DRE) “evidence” meet the standard for admissibility under Florida law and the Daubert standard? 

No. In July 2013,  Section 90.704, Florida Statutes, was amended to read: “Facts or data that are otherwise inadmissible may not be disclosed to the jury by the proponent of the opinion or inference unless the court determines that their probative value in assisting the jury to evaluate the expert’s opinion substantially outweighs their prejudicial effect.” Since, 2013, there is little guidance from courts and judges on the validity of this testimony.

Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.220 requires disclosure of “reports or statements of experts made in connection with the particular case, including results of physical or mental examinations and of scientific tests, experiments, or comparisons . . . .” The rules also discuss, “expert witnesses who have not provided a written report and a curriculum vitae or who are going to testify . . . .”  In 1996, the rules also contemplated, “experts who have filed a report and curriculum vitae and who will not offer opinions subject to the Frye test.” FRCP 3.220 at 151 Note ( July 1, 2014).

Florida Drug Recognition Experts DRE are only alleged experts who issue highly prejudicial opinions on ultimate issues in the case, courts must allow only legally admissible evidence to reach jurors under the 2013 amendments to Florida law and the ruling of the United States Supreme Court in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993), General Electric Co. v. Joiner, 522 U.S. 136 (1997), and Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael, 526 U.S. 137 (1999), and to no longer apply the standard in Frye v. United States, 293 F.2d 1013 (D.C. Cir 1923) . See generally, http://laws.flrules.org/2013/107 .

Standardized 12-Step Drug Recognition Experts Protocol

The 12-Step Drug Recognition Experts (DRE) Protocol is standardized because it is conducted the same way, by every drug recognition expert, for every suspect whenever possible. In the above video, the 12-Step Drug Recognition Experts (DRE) Protocol is not shown.

1. Breath Alcohol Concentration (BAC) Test administered to suspect
2. Interview with the Arresting Officer about BAC, the reason for stop & suspect’s behavior, appearance, and driving.
3. Preliminary Examination and First Pulse. DRE asks questions about health, recent food, alcohol, and drugs, including prescribed medications while DRE observes suspect’s attitude, coordination, speech, breath, and face. DRE examines pupils uses horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN) and takes suspect’s pulse. If needed seek medical assistance immediately. Otherwise, the evaluation continues.
4. Eye Examination. behavior, appearance, and driving. DRE uses HGN, vertical gaze Nystagmus (VGN), and looks for a lack of convergence.
5. Divided Attention Psychophysical Tests. DRE administers the Modified Romberg Balance, the Walk and Turn, the One Leg Stand, and the Finger to Nose test.
6. Vital Signs and Second Pulse. DRE takes the subject’s blood pressure, temperature, and pulse.
7. Dark Room Examinations. DRE measures at pupil sizes under three different lighting conditions.
8. Examination of Muscle Tone. DRE examines the subject’s skeletal muscle tone (normal rigid, or flaccid).
9. Check for Injection Sites and Third Pulse. DRE looks for injection sites and takes suspect’s pulse.
10. Subject’s Statements and Other Observations. DRE reads Miranda, asks questions about drug use.
11. Analysis and Opinions of the Evaluator. DRE forms an opinion as the suspect is impaired. If DRE believes there is impairment, then the category of drugs will be indicated.
12. Toxicological Examination. DRE requests a urine, blood and/or saliva for toxicology lab analysis.